IRGC and Other Iranian Cyber Activities

Earlier this week the US government publicly went after the IRGC. President Trump's Nowruz statement on Monday was mainly about the evils of the IRGC rather than the holiday itself. On Friday Deputy AG Rod Rosenstein announced indictments for a number of Iranians with the IRGC for hacking.

A third incident, the naming of John Bolton as the new national security adviser to President Trump can also be seen as an anti-IRGC move, given Bolton's belligerence towards the regime and his affinity for the Marxist cult the MeK.

Whether this is coincidental or not is hard to discern, given the chaotic and disjointed nature of the administration and so it is the hacking announcement that interests me most.

A few years back I'd noticed a series of pro-Iranian bots tweeting about the Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei's "Letter to the Youth in Europe and North America". I wrote about this in detail noting how the bots and message evolved. It was not particularly sophisticated, did not gain much traction, but polluted trending and other hashtags on various social media. Another followup campaign titled "Powerful_Iran" was covered by the BBC.

The hacks and bots seem connected, and are clearly linked to the regime in some manner, but the details are unclear. The distinction between the more skilled hackers and the Twitter bots makes me curious about the Iranian cyber programs, how they are set up, who runs them, and if there are multiple organizations or factions running them. I would be surprised if the recently indicted hackers are directly responsible for the older bot networks, but I'd also not rule it out.

Happy (Persian) New Year!

Tonight (or tomorrow morning depending on where you are in the world) is Nowruz, the Persian/Iranian New Year. This holiday is celebrated all over the world, in particular in the majority Persian speaking countries of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, but also in many other places in the region and in the diaspora.

Nowruz is derived from the Persian 'Now' meaning new and 'Ruz' meaning day. The holiday pre-dates Islam and is connected to ancient Zoroastrian spring festivals. When the Islamic Republic came to power they attempted to eliminate the holiday, but the Iranian public would not have it and so the celebration continues to this day.

There are a few traditional Nowruz events.

On the Tuesday evening before Nowruz (which is always on the Spring Equinox) there is a fire-jumping ceremony called Chaharshanbe Suri (Wednesday Feast). NOTE: Despite the obvious 'Wednesday' in the title, this is celebrated on the Tuesday night/Wednesday morning preceding Nowruz. The importance of fire is a remnant from Zoroastrian times and is ritually symbolic of rebirth and renewal.

For Nowruz there is a tradition of a "Haft Sin" table. 'Haft' in Persian means 'seven' and 'Sin' is a letter in the Persian alphabet. On the Haft Sin table, 7 objects which begin with the letter 'Sin' are placed. I have heard rumors that before Islam came to Iran they used to have 'Haft Shin' tables (shin is another Persian letter which is close to sin), but this was changed to 'Sin' because one of the objects on the 'Haft Shin' table was 'Sharab' (wine), something not allowed in Islam. Others insist that the original version was "Haft Chin", although I am not certain that the people who say this have any expertise in pre-modern Near Eastern linguistics.

The last event for the New Year celebration is 'Sizdah bedar'. On the 13th day of the first month of the Persian New Year ('Sizdah' means 13), families go outdoors to picnic and be in nature.

For more information see these links on:

Nowruz:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowruz
http://www.un.org/en/events/nowruzday/
http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/03/19/294384/ban-kimoon-sends-nowruz-message/
This is the best and most complete page on Nowruz and the associated events that I have seen: http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Nowruz/NowRuz.html
http://www.payvand.com/news/09/mar/1210.html

Haft-Sin:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haft_sin_table (I don't trust this article so much)

Chaharshanbe Suri:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaharshanbe_Suri
http://mideasti.blogspot.com/2013/03/chaharshanbe-suri.html

Sizdah Bedar:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizdah_Bedar
http://www.farsinet.com/noruz/sizdehbedar.html

Haji-Firuz:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajji_Firuz
http://ajammc.com/2012/06/20/the-afro-iranian-community-beyond-haji-firuz-blackface-slavery-bandari-music/